• Type II diabetes is characterized by an inability to

  2021-10-12

  

  Type II diabetes is characterized by an inability to maintain glucose homeostasis due to insulin desensitization and/or insufficient insulin secretion. GPR40, also known as free fatty Azithromycin Dihydrate receptor 1 (FFAR1), is a member of the G-protein-coupled lipid-activated family of receptors

• PPADS tetrasodium salt br Acknowledgments I thank Takeshi Sa

  2021-10-12

  

  Acknowledgments I thank Takeshi Sakaba for critical reading of the manuscript and helpful comments. This work was supported by JSPS/MEXT KAKENHI Grant Numbers 17K19466, 17H03548. Introduction The oral route of drug application is the main route in pharmacology since it is easy to handle and o

• Compounds that induce exocytosis in cultured cells include

  2021-10-12

  

  Compounds that induce exocytosis in cultured cpmt include Ca2+-dependent [14] or Ca2+-independent [15] mechanisms. Ca2+-dependent exocytosis releases soluble enzyme content from lysosomes [16] operating by increasing the cytosolic concentration of Ca2+[13] by recruiting extracellular Ca2+[14], libe

• Introduction Vesicular exocytosis an intracellular membrane

  2021-10-12

  

  Introduction Vesicular exocytosis, an intracellular membrane trafficking pathway, is a ubiquitous process for intercellular communication. It occurs when an intracellular vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and subsequently releases an infinitely minute number of chemical or biochemical messengers

• Our present data together with other studies

  2021-10-12

  

  Our present data together with other studies have shown that the communication of stroma and cancer cells via ECM-cell interaction led to the primary activation of FAK [41]. Here we propose a model depicting an important role of ADAM12-L in the regulation of ESCC invasion and metastasis. ADAM12-L ov

• Yap and Taz may regulate epicardial cell proliferation

  2021-10-12

  

  Yap and Taz may regulate epicardial cell proliferation, EMT, and fate determination via multiple mechanisms. In this study, we provide evidence that Yap/Taz function in part by directly modulating Tbx18 and Wt1 expression. Members of the T-box family of transcription factors regulate a variety of de

• The increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines in

  2021-10-12

  

  The increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines in BALF are noted during ALI/ARDS, and the persistent elevation of these mediators may exaggerate systemic or focal inflammatory reaction with a worse outcome. These cytokines, particularly TNF-α and IL-6, play essential roles in ALI [16,17]. The ove

• br Conclusions br Introduction Astrocytes contribute to phys

  2021-10-12

  

  Conclusions Introduction Astrocytes contribute to physiological catalase inhibitor function on many levels. They help maintain the physiological composition of the extracellular medium by, for instance, buffering potassium and uptake of neurotransmitters. They can also provide neurons with en

• br Molecular mechanisms underpinning GSNOR function in the d

  2021-10-12

  

  Molecular mechanisms underpinning GSNOR1 function in the defence response Recently, Arabidopsis GSNOR1 has been shown to govern the extent of S-nitrosylation of two key regulatory proteins, Non-Expresser of Pathogenesis-Related Genes 1 (NPR1) and SA binding protein 3 (SABP3), which are integral t

• In recent years several DPP IV inhibitors

  2021-10-12

  

  In recent years, several DPP-IV inhibitors have already been approved, such as sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, tenegliptin, alogliptin and linagliptin, etc. Among them, linagliptin (1, Fig. 1) is a non-peptide mimetic Licarbazepine with a unique xanthine scaffold developed through high-throu

• Omecamtiv mecarbil br Materials and methods br

  2021-10-12

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Until very recently, the anti-atherogenic activity of niacin was attributed almost exclusively to its impact on HDL and other plasma lipids, perhaps mediated via its action on GPR109A expressed in adipose or other tissues. However, recent clinical s

• Selection of the month br Fibrosis br Liver protection devic

  2021-10-12

  

  Selection of the month Fibrosis Liver protection device Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Genetic metabolic liver disease Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection Cirrhosis Regeneration Introduction Upon catalysis by hepatic and bacterial enzymes, c

• br Author contributions br Conflict of interests br Acknowle

  2021-10-11

  

  Author contributions Conflict of interests Acknowledgements This work was supported by NIH grant DK098730 to NHM. Free fatty acids play important roles in biological processes contributing to both health and disease. As essential nutritional components, free fatty acids are utilized as b

• Over the last years the signaling pathways initialized

  2021-10-11

  

  Over the last years, the signaling pathways initialized by fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are found to be important for progression and development of several cancers11., 12., 13., 14.. To the best of our knowledge, currently 18 FGFs are identified in human genome, which regulated by four transmem

• Biotin-16-dCTP mg Cux is a cell cycle dependent

  2021-10-11

  

  Cux1 is a Biotin-16-dCTP mg dependent transcription repressor that is aberrantly expressed in the Pkd1 null, Pkd1CD, and cpk mouse models of PKD, as well as in human ADPKD cells (Vanden Heuvel et al., 1996; Sharma et al., 2005; Paul et al., 2011; Alcalay et al., 2008). In Pkd1 null mice and in huma

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