• Despite their different effects on cell survival the

  2025-02-15

  

  Despite their different effects on cell survival, the functions of autophagy and apoptosis are not completely independent. Additionally, Cho et al. (2009) suggested that the mediation of caspase-3 links the apoptotic and autophagic signaling pathways. Consequently, to illuminate the correlation, exc

• br Secreted enzymes Only two secreted

  2025-02-15

  

  Secreted enzymes Only two secreted S. aureus enzymes reportedly induce apoptosis, namely, staphylococcal staphopain B (SspB) and coagulase. SspB selectively cleaved CD11b/CD18 integrin and induced an apoptosis-like cell death in neutrophils and monocytes (Smagur et al., 2009). Neutrophils or mono

• br Antioxidant polymers conjugates Natural antioxidants are

  2025-02-15

  

  Antioxidant-polymers conjugates Natural antioxidants are usually used as a substitute for synthetics but some degradation phenomena could influence their applications. For example, ascorbic map3k8 as a natural antioxidant undergoes yellowish coloration as a result of oxidation [29]. Sing and Kap

• br HMGB proteins and chromatin structure The

  2025-02-15

  

  HMGB proteins and chromatin structure The multifaceted roles played by HMGB (formerly called HMG-1 and -2) proteins in modulating chromatin structure, gene transcriptional activity and cellular phenotype have been covered in a number of recent reviews and readers are referred to these for in-dept

• br Results br Discussion By using an unbiased

  2025-02-15

  

  Results Discussion By using an unbiased proteomic screen for xCT binding partners, followed by functional validation, we have made the surprising discovery that mTORC2 regulates amino kynurenine metabolism in tumor cells by phosphorylating serine 26 of the cystine-glutamate antiporter xCT on

• In our previous study we found that the

  2025-02-15

  

  In our previous study we found that the total activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase in cancer RS-1 of RCC is at the same level as in normal renal tissue [10]. These findings are similar to our results in serum patients with renal cancer. There is no significant difference between ALDH activity in serum

• Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a function

  2025-02-14

  

  Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a function of biochemical mechanisms, which are energy-dependent. It is considered to be a vital component of many processes such as normal cell cycle, immune mechanism, atrophy, embryonic development and toxin-induced cell death (Elmore, 2007). In addition, apo

• Bioactive peptides contain amino acids with

  2025-02-14

  

  Bioactive peptides contain 2–20 amino acids with possible bioactivities including antihypertensive, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and opioid activity [9], [10], [11]. There has been a great interest in antihypertensive peptides for their efficiency in lowering blood pressure. The antihype

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Resistant hypertension R

  2025-02-14

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Resistant hypertension (RH), is defined as blood pressure (BP) > 140/90 mm Hg despite three full doses antihypertensive drugs including a diuretic. Controlled hypertensive patients taking four Lenalidomide or more of antihypertensives are also considered resistan

• The synthetic route to M

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  The synthetic route to M100907 developed by Rice was utilized, however, the chiral resolution was carried out at an earlier stage to provide the possibility of introducing different substituents onto the piperidinyl group. The conditions for this resolution were different from previously reported.

• br Identification of the kinase that

  2025-02-14

  

  Identification of the kinase that phosphorylates P450c17 The first Ser/Thr kinase that phosphorylates P450c17 was identified only recently. Of the 518 kinases in the human ‘kinome’ 278 are Ser/Thr kinases (Manning et al., 2002), but microarrays identified only 145 Ser/Thr kinases in human NCI-H29

• b-AP15 In addition to pH regulation by

  2025-02-14

  

  In addition to pH regulation by ion (counter-) fluxes, acidification is regulated by the abundance of V-ATPase on organelles, by the pumping activity of the complex and by proton leakage. In yeast, the V-ATPase VO subunit a is the only subunit expressed in two isoforms termed Stv1p and Vph1p. V-ATPa

• br Crystal structure ACLY protein is a

  2025-02-14

  

  Crystal structure ACLY protein is a homotetramer of four identical subunits [9]. Each polypeptide chain contains 1101 amino-acid residues [10]. The crystal structure of full-length ACLY protein is yet unresolved. However, Sun et al. recently succeeded in crystallizing chymotrypsin-truncated human

• Transient transfection with ATR kinase dead D A and ATM

  2025-02-14

  

  Transient transfection with ATR kinase-dead (D2475→A) [30] and ATM kinase-dead (D2870→Ala and N2875→K) [31] constructs was performed using Fugene 6 (Roche Applied Science, Indianapolis). Three microliters of fugene 6+1μg plasmid was used in transfections using 6-well plates at 2×105 cells/well and a

• A disruption of lung barrier

  2025-02-14

  

  A disruption of lung barrier function caused by PM2.5 has been observed in our experiments; however the underlying mechanism has not been investigated. Zhao et al. (2018) reported that PM2.5 down-regulated the expression levels of tight junction (TJ) proteins and resulted in nasal epithelial barrier

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